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1. Introduction Extensions add new functionality to an existing class, structure, enumeration, or protocol type. This includes the ability to extend types for which you do not have access to the original source code. Declare extensions with the extension keyword Format of Extension extension SomeType { // new functionality } An extension can

1.Initializers Initialization is the process of preparing an instance of a class, structure, or enumeration for use. This process involves setting an initial value for each stored property on that instance and performing any other setup or initialization that is required before the new instance is ready for use.

In Swift, there are three kinds of statements: simple statements, compiler control statements, and control flow statements. Simple statements are the most common and consist of either an expression or a declaration. Compiler control statements allow the program to change aspects of the compiler’s behavior and include a conditional

Methods are functions that are associated with a particular type. Classes, structures, and enumerations can all define instance methods, which encapsulate specific tasks and functionality for working with an instance of a given type. Classes, structures, and enumerations can also define type methods, which are associated with the type itself.

Properties associate values with a particular class, structure, or enumeration. Suppose if we need to change or access an iVar in your class using an object of your class, then there should be getter and setter methods assigned to the iVar. A property is used mainly when other objects need

1. Introduction Classes and structures are general-purpose, flexible constructs that become the building blocks of your program’s code. You define properties and methods to add functionality to your classes and structures by using exactly the same syntax as for constants, variables, and functions. In Swift, you define a class

Access control restricts access to parts of your code from code in other source files and modules. This feature enables you to hide the implementation details of your code, and to specify a preferred interface through which that code can be accessed and used. You can assign specific access levels

Swift provides a several advanced operators bitwise and bit shifting to perform a more complex operations. In swift, Arithmetic operators won’t show the overflow value by default. To opt the behavior of overflow, swift uses the second set of advanced operators such as the addition operators +& and all

Overview A collection whose elements are key-value pairs. A dictionary is a type of hash table, providing fast access to the entries it contains. Each entry in the table is identified using its key, which is a hashable type such as a string or number. You use that key to

Overview An unordered collection of unique elements. You use a set instead of an array when you need to test efficiently for membership and you aren’t concerned with the order of the elements in the collection, or when you need to ensure that each element appears only once in